Compare Bhutan (2008) - Baker Island (2004)

Compare Bhutan (2008) z Baker Island (2004)

	Bhutan (2008)	Baker Island (2004)

Administrative divisions	20 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Gasa, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Tashi Yangtse, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 38.6% (male 465,340/female 433,184) 15-64 years: 57.4% (male 688,428/female 647,134) 65 years and over: 4% (male 47,123/female 46,640) (2007 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs	-
Airports	2 (2007)	1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m, completely covered with vegetation and unusable (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)	-
Area	total: 47,000 sq km land: 47,000 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 1.4 sq km land: 1.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about half the size of Indiana	about 2.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land to British India. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned the areas of Bhutan annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. A refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of the refugees are housed in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. In March 2005, King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK unveiled the government's draft constitution - which would introduce major democratic reforms - and pledged to hold a national referendum for its approval. In December 2006, the King abdicated the throne to his son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK, in order to give him experience as head of state before the democratic transition. In early 2007, India and Bhutan renegotiated their treaty to allow Bhutan greater autonomy in conducting its foreign policy, although Thimphu continues to coordinate policy decisions in this area with New Delhi. In July 2007, seven ministers of Bhutan's ten-member cabinet resigned to join the political process, leaving the remaining cabinet to act as a caretaker regime until a new government assumes power following parliamentary elections. Bhutan will complete its transition to full democracy in 2008, when its first fully democratic elections to a new parliament - expected to be completed by March 2008 - and a concomitant referendum on the draft constitution will take place.	The US took possession of the island in 1857, and its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun on this island - as well as on nearby Howland Island - but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. Presently the island is a National Wildlife Refuge run by the US Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near the middle of the west coast.
Birth rate	33.28 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $272 million expenditures: $350 million note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures (2005)	-
Capital	name: Thimphu geographic coordinates: 27 29 N, 89 36 E time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	-
Climate	varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas	equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	4.8 km
Constitution	none; note - a draft constitution was unveiled in March 2005 and is expected to be adopted following the election of a new National Assembly in 2008	-
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan conventional short form: Bhutan local long form: Druk Gyalkhap local short form: Druk Yul	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Baker Island
Death rate	12.46 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Debt - external	$593 million (2004)	-
Dependency status	-	unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US and Bhutan have no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India)	-
Diplomatic representation in the US	none; note - the Permanent Mission to the UN for Bhutan has consular jurisdiction in the US; address: 763 First Avenue, New York, NY 10017; telephone [1] (212) 682-2268; FAX [1] (212) 661-0551 consulate(s) general: New York	-
Disputes - international	over 100,000 Bhutanese Lhotshampas (Hindus) have been confined in seven UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees camps since 1990; Bhutan cooperates with India to expel Indian Nagaland separatists; lacking any treaty describing the boundary, Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a boundary alignment to resolve substantial cartographic discrepancies, the largest of which lies in Bhutan's northwest	none
Economic aid - recipient	$90.02 million; note - substantial aid from India (2005)	-
Economy - overview	The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 60% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and dependence on India's financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Detailed controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. Hydropower exports to India drove GDP growth to over 20% in 2007	no economic activity
Electricity - consumption	380 million kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - exports	1.5 billion kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - imports	20 million kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - production	2 billion kWh (2005)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Drangme Chhu 97 m highest point: Kula Kangri 7,553 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 8 m
Environment - current issues	soil erosion; limited access to potable water	no natural fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	-
Ethnic groups	Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%	-
Exchange rates	ngultrum per US dollar - NA (2007), 45.279 (2006), 44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003) note: the ngultrum is pegged to the Indian rupee	-
Executive branch	chief of state: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK (since 14 December 2006); note - King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK abdicated the throne on 14 December 2006 and his son immediately succeeded him head of government: Prime Minister Kinzang DORJI (since August 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog) nominated by the monarch, approved by the National Assembly; members serve fixed, five-year terms; note - there is also a Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde), members nominated by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary, but democratic reforms in July 1998 grant the National Assembly authority to remove the monarch with two-thirds vote; election of a new National Assembly is expected in 2008	-
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	-
Exports - commodities	electricity (to India), cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones, spices	-
Exports - partners	India 54.5%, Hong Kong 34.6%, Bangladesh 6.9% (2006)	-
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	-
Flag description	divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side	the flag of the US is used
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 24.7% industry: 37.2% services: 38.1% (2005)	-
GDP - real growth rate	8.8% (2005 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	27 30 N, 90 30 E	0 13 N, 176 31 W
Geography - note	landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes	treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	1,138 bbl/day (2004)	-
Imports - commodities	fuel and lubricants, grain, aircraft, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice	-
Imports - partners	India 76%, Japan 5.5%, Germany 3.2% (2006)	-
Independence	1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king)	-
Industrial production growth rate	9.3% (1996 est.)	-
Industries	cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 96.37 deaths/1,000 live births male: 94.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 98.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	5.5% (2005 est.)	-
International organization participation	ADB, BIMSTEC, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)	-
Irrigated land	400 sq km (2003)	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed by the monarch); note - the draft constitution establishes a Supreme Court, which will serve as chief court of appeal	-
Labor force	NA note: major shortage of skilled labor	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 63% industry: 6% services: 31% (2004 est.)	-
Land boundaries	total: 1,075 km border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 2.3% permanent crops: 0.43% other: 97.27% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Languages	Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects	-
Legal system	based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 members elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies, and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and other secular interests; to serve three-year terms); note - a new bicameral parliament will be established in 2008 elections: first elections to be held in December 2007 and spring 2008; note - local elections last held August 2005 (next to be held in 2008) election results: NA	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 55.17 years male: 55.38 years female: 54.96 years (2007 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 47% male: 60% female: 34% (2003 est.)	-
Location	Southern Asia, between China and India	Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and Australia
Map references	Asia	Oceania
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Military branches	Royal Bhutan Army (includes Royal Bodyguard and Royal Bhutan Police) (2008)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1% (2005 est.)	-
National holiday	National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907)	-
Nationality	noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural) adjective: Bhutanese	-
Natural hazards	violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate	guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	Druk Pheunsum Tshogpa or DPT [Jigme THINLEY]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Sangay NGEDUP]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community; United Front for Democracy (exiled)	-
Population	2,327,849 note: the Factbook population estimate is inconsistent with the 2005 Bhutan census results; both data are being reviewed and when completed, the results will be posted on The World Factbook Web site (https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook) later this year (July 2007 est.)	uninhabited note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	31.7% (2003)	-
Population growth rate	2.082% (2007 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	-	none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 9, shortwave 1 (2007)	-
Religions	Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.074 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.064 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 1.066 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: urban towns and district headquarters have telecommunications services domestic: very low teledensity; domestic service is very poor especially in rural areas; wireless service available since 2003 international: country code - 975; international telephone and telegraph service via landline and microwave relay through India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (2007)	-
Telephones - main lines in use	31,500 (2006)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	82,100 (2006)	-
Television broadcast stations	1 (2007)	-
Terrain	mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna	low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
Total fertility rate	4.67 children born/woman (2007 est.)	-
Transportation - note	-	there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
Unemployment rate	2.5% (2004)	-

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